TURNCRAFT/src/engine/ChunkManager.ts

// TURNCRAFT — Lane A. Builds and maintains chunk meshes from a VoxelWorld.
//
// buildAll() meshes every non-empty chunk once (initial world load). update()
// drains the world's dirty set with a per-frame budget, remeshing edited
// chunks and swapping their geometry in place. Each chunk owns up to two meshes
// (opaque + transparent) sharing the atlas's two singleton materials. Vertex
// positions are baked in absolute world coords, so each mesh's bounding sphere
// drives Three.js frustum culling with no per-chunk matrix work.

import * as THREE from 'three';
import type { VoxelWorld } from './VoxelWorld';
import type { Atlas } from './atlas';
import { meshChunk } from './mesher';

interface ChunkMeshes {
  opaque: THREE.Mesh | null;
  transparent: THREE.Mesh | null;
}

export class ChunkManager {
  private readonly meshes = new Map<number, ChunkMeshes>();
  private readonly dirtyScratch: number[] = []; // reused each frame (cx,cy,cz,...)

  /** ms spent in the most recent remesh batch (for demo/perf HUD). */
  lastRemeshMs = 0;
  /** chunks remeshed in the most recent update(). */
  lastRemeshCount = 0;

  constructor(
    private readonly world: VoxelWorld,
    private readonly scene: THREE.Scene,
    private readonly atlas: Atlas,
    /** max chunks remeshed per update() call (per frame). */
    private readonly remeshBudget = 4,
  ) {}

  private key(cx: number, cy: number, cz: number): number {
    return (cy * this.world.numChunksZ + cz) * this.world.numChunksX + cx;
  }

  /** Mesh every non-empty chunk. Call once after worldgen fills the world. */
  buildAll(): void {
    const t0 = now();
    for (let cy = 0; cy < this.world.numChunksY; cy++)
      for (let cz = 0; cz < this.world.numChunksZ; cz++)
        for (let cx = 0; cx < this.world.numChunksX; cx++) {
          if (this.world.isChunkEmpty(cx, cy, cz)) continue;
          this.remeshChunk(cx, cy, cz);
          this.world.clearDirty(cx, cy, cz);
        }
    // Any dirt flagged on empty chunks (e.g. fillBox margins) is now moot.
    this.world.forEachDirtyChunk((cx, cy, cz) => this.world.clearDirty(cx, cy, cz));
    this.lastRemeshMs = now() - t0;
  }

  /** Drain the dirty set, budgeted. Call once per frame. */
  update(): void {
    if (this.world.dirtyCount === 0) { this.lastRemeshCount = 0; return; }
    const t0 = now();
    const batch = this.dirtyScratch;
    batch.length = 0;
    this.world.forEachDirtyChunk((cx, cy, cz) => { batch.push(cx, cy, cz); });

    const limit = Math.min(this.remeshBudget, batch.length / 3) | 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
      const cx = batch[i * 3], cy = batch[i * 3 + 1], cz = batch[i * 3 + 2];
      this.remeshChunk(cx, cy, cz);
      this.world.clearDirty(cx, cy, cz);
    }
    this.lastRemeshCount = limit;
    this.lastRemeshMs = now() - t0;
  }

  get meshCount(): number {
    let n = 0;
    for (const m of this.meshes.values()) {
      if (m.opaque) n++;
      if (m.transparent) n++;
    }
    return n;
  }

  private remeshChunk(cx: number, cy: number, cz: number): void {
    const geo = meshChunk(this.world, cx, cy, cz);
    const k = this.key(cx, cy, cz);
    let entry = this.meshes.get(k);
    if (!entry) { entry = { opaque: null, transparent: null }; this.meshes.set(k, entry); }

    entry.opaque = this.applyGeometry(entry.opaque, geo.opaque, this.atlas.opaqueMaterial);
    entry.transparent =
      this.applyGeometry(entry.transparent, geo.transparent, this.atlas.transparentMaterial);

    if (!entry.opaque && !entry.transparent) this.meshes.delete(k);
  }

  private applyGeometry(
    mesh: THREE.Mesh | null, geo: THREE.BufferGeometry | null, material: THREE.Material,
  ): THREE.Mesh | null {
    if (!geo) {
      if (mesh) { this.scene.remove(mesh); disposeGeom(mesh); }
      return null;
    }
    if (mesh) {
      disposeGeom(mesh);
      mesh.geometry = geo;
      return mesh;
    }
    const m = new THREE.Mesh(geo, material);
    m.frustumCulled = true;
    this.scene.add(m);
    return m;
  }

  dispose(): void {
    for (const entry of this.meshes.values()) {
      if (entry.opaque) { this.scene.remove(entry.opaque); disposeGeom(entry.opaque); }
      if (entry.transparent) { this.scene.remove(entry.transparent); disposeGeom(entry.transparent); }
    }
    this.meshes.clear();
  }
}

function disposeGeom(mesh: THREE.Mesh): void {
  (mesh.geometry as THREE.BufferGeometry).dispose();
}

function now(): number {
  return typeof performance !== 'undefined' ? performance.now() : Date.now();
}