class_name Deformer
extends RefCounted
## Crash deformation, per the control-hull model in docs/BurnoutInfinityShitbox.pdf.
##
## A low-res lattice of control points c_i encloses the visual mesh. An impact
## shoves nearby control points inward; every mesh vertex p_j then moves by an
## inverse-distance-weighted blend of those shifts:
##
##     W_i = 1 / ||p_j - c_i||^ALPHA
##     dv_j = sum(W_i * dc_i) / sum(W_i)
##
## The weights depend only on *original* positions, so they're precomputed once
## at setup and each impact is just a weighted sum -- no distance maths and no
## per-frame cost. Displacement is clamped per the PDF's bounding box safety
## limits, so panels crumple instead of folding through themselves.
##
## ponytail: normals are left alone. Recomputing them per impact costs more than
## it buys at this crumple scale; revisit if the shading reads flat.
## ponytail: _write() rebuilds a whole ArrayMesh via add_surface_from_arrays(),
## which takes no LOD or shadow-mesh argument -- a deformable car therefore loses
## any LODs its import generated. Harmless for the procedural fleet (no LODs to
## lose) but worth knowing before wiring the deformer to a dense imported model.

const ALPHA := 2.0        # distance falloff exponent; PDF suggests 1.0-3.0
const NEAR := 4           # control points blended per vertex
const LATTICE := Vector3i(3, 3, 5)   # x, y, z resolution of the hull
const MAX_PULL := 0.42    # metres any control point may travel, total
const DENT_RADIUS := 1.5  # how far along the shell an impact is felt

const SCRATCH := "res://assets/textures/scratches.jpg"
## setup() is O(verts x control points) on the main thread, and derby spawns five
## opponents at once. The procedural fleet is ~1k verts (~40k ops, imperceptible),
## but an imported model can be far denser -- past this budget the car simply goes
## without deformation rather than stalling the frame everyone spawns in.
const VERT_BUDGET := 6000

var _meshes: Array = []   # one entry per MeshInstance3D, all its surfaces together
var _cp := PackedVector3Array()
var _disp := PackedVector3Array()
var _ok := false
var _root: Node3D = null  # the car model; panels reparented away stop deforming
var _skins: Array = []    # {mat, albedo, rough}: per-car material copies to dirty up
var damage := 0.0         # 0..1, drives the paint getting scratched and dulled

func setup(root: Node3D) -> bool:
	## Snapshot every mesh under `root`, then build the control hull around them.
	var pending: Array = []
	var bounds := AABB()
	var first := true
	var budget := 0
	for n in root.find_children("*", "MeshInstance3D", true, false):
		var am0 := (n as MeshInstance3D).mesh as ArrayMesh
		if am0:
			for s in am0.get_surface_count():
				budget += (am0.surface_get_arrays(s)[Mesh.ARRAY_VERTEX] as PackedVector3Array).size()
	if budget > VERT_BUDGET:
		push_warning("deform: %d verts over the %d budget, skipping" % [budget, VERT_BUDGET])
		return false

	var seen_mats := {}
	for n in root.find_children("*", "MeshInstance3D", true, false):
		var mi := n as MeshInstance3D
		var am := mi.mesh as ArrayMesh
		if am == null or am.get_surface_count() == 0:
			continue
		var xform := root.global_transform.affine_inverse() * mi.global_transform
		var surfs: Array = []
		for s in am.get_surface_count():
			var arr := am.surface_get_arrays(s)
			var verts: PackedVector3Array = arr[Mesh.ARRAY_VERTEX]
			var base := PackedVector3Array()
			base.resize(verts.size())
			for i in verts.size():
				base[i] = xform * verts[i]          # cache in car-local space
				if first:
					bounds = AABB(base[i], Vector3.ZERO)
					first = false
				else:
					bounds = bounds.expand(base[i])
			# the GLB's materials are shared too -- copy them or denting one
			# Kingswood scuffs the paint on every other Kingswood
			var mat := am.surface_get_material(s)
			if mat is BaseMaterial3D:
				# one copy per unique source material, not per surface: a model
				# sharing one paint material across 20 surfaces would otherwise
				# get 20 copies, all being re-tuned on every impact
				if seen_mats.has(mat):
					surfs.append({"arrays": arr, "base": base, "mat": seen_mats[mat]})
					continue
				var src := mat
				mat = (mat as BaseMaterial3D).duplicate()
				seen_mats[src] = mat
				var bm := mat as BaseMaterial3D
				var skin := {"mat": bm, "albedo": bm.albedo_color, "rough": bm.roughness}
				if ResourceLoader.exists(SCRATCH):
					bm.detail_enabled = false
					# MUL, not MIX: detail_mask defaults to white, so MIX makes the
					# scratch texture *replace* the paint outright -- the car turns
					# grey instead of getting scuffed. MUL darkens it instead.
					bm.detail_blend_mode = BaseMaterial3D.BLEND_MODE_MUL
					bm.detail_albedo = load(SCRATCH)
					bm.detail_uv_layer = BaseMaterial3D.DETAIL_UV_1
					skin["scratch"] = true
				_skins.append(skin)
			surfs.append({"arrays": arr, "base": base, "mat": mat})
		pending.append({"mi": mi, "xform": xform, "surfs": surfs})
	if pending.is_empty() or bounds.size.length() < 0.1:
		return false

	for i in LATTICE.x:
		for j in LATTICE.y:
			for k in LATTICE.z:
				_cp.append(bounds.position + bounds.size * Vector3(
					float(i) / (LATTICE.x - 1), float(j) / (LATTICE.y - 1),
					float(k) / (LATTICE.z - 1)))
	_disp.resize(_cp.size())

	for m in pending:
		for sd in m["surfs"]:
			var base: PackedVector3Array = sd["base"]
			var ids := PackedInt32Array()
			var wts := PackedFloat32Array()
			ids.resize(base.size() * NEAR)
			wts.resize(base.size() * NEAR)
			for vi in base.size():
				_weigh(base[vi], ids, wts, vi * NEAR)
			sd["ids"] = ids
			sd["wts"] = wts
		# the GLB's mesh is shared by every car of this model -- deform a copy
		var copy := ArrayMesh.new()
		(m["mi"] as MeshInstance3D).mesh = copy
		m["mesh"] = copy
		_meshes.append(m)
	_root = root
	_ok = true
	_write()
	return true

func _weigh(p: Vector3, ids: PackedInt32Array, wts: PackedFloat32Array, o: int) -> void:
	var bd := PackedFloat32Array()
	var bi := PackedInt32Array()
	bd.resize(NEAR)
	bi.resize(NEAR)
	bd.fill(INF)
	bi.fill(0)
	for ci in _cp.size():
		var d := p.distance_to(_cp[ci])
		for slot in NEAR:
			if d < bd[slot]:
				for back in range(NEAR - 1, slot, -1):
					bd[back] = bd[back - 1]
					bi[back] = bi[back - 1]
				bd[slot] = d
				bi[slot] = ci
				break
	var total := 0.0
	var w := PackedFloat32Array()
	w.resize(NEAR)
	for slot in NEAR:
		w[slot] = 1.0 / pow(maxf(bd[slot], 0.02), ALPHA)
		total += w[slot]
	for slot in NEAR:
		ids[o + slot] = bi[slot]
		wts[o + slot] = w[slot] / total

func impact(local_point: Vector3, local_dir: Vector3, strength: float) -> void:
	## Shove control points near `local_point` inward along `local_dir`.
	if not _ok:
		return
	var moved := false
	for ci in _cp.size():
		var d := _cp[ci].distance_to(local_point)
		if d > DENT_RADIUS:
			continue
		var falloff := 1.0 - d / DENT_RADIUS
		var next := _disp[ci] + local_dir * strength * falloff * falloff
		if next.length() > MAX_PULL:      # PDF: bounding box safety limit
			next = next.normalized() * MAX_PULL
		if not next.is_equal_approx(_disp[ci]):
			_disp[ci] = next
			moved = true
	if moved:
		_write()
		_wear()

func _wear() -> void:
	## Paint damage tracks how bent the car actually is, so the scratches and the
	## crumple always agree -- no separate damage counter to drift out of sync.
	var total := 0.0
	for d in _disp:
		total += d.length()
	damage = clampf(total / (_cp.size() * MAX_PULL * 0.28), 0.0, 1.0)
	for s in _skins:
		var m: BaseMaterial3D = s["mat"]
		var base: Color = s["albedo"]
		# dull and dirty rather than recolour: a smashed shitbox is still its
		# own colour, just filthier
		m.albedo_color = base.lerp(Color(0.34, 0.31, 0.28), damage * 0.5)
		m.roughness = lerpf(s["rough"], minf(s["rough"] + 0.45, 1.0), damage)
		# StandardMaterial3D's detail layer has no blend-strength dial without a
		# mask texture, so gate it on real damage: light scuffs only dull the
		# paint, a properly bent car gets visible scratches over the top
		if s.has("scratch"):
			m.detail_enabled = damage > 0.35

func _write() -> void:
	# car.gd reparents det_* panels onto their own RigidBody when shed and frees
	# them seconds later; left in the list they'd be debris still being crumpled
	# by a car they've come off, and eventually freed nodes being written to
	if is_instance_valid(_root):
		_meshes = _meshes.filter(func(m) -> bool:
			return is_instance_valid(m["mi"]) and _root.is_ancestor_of(m["mi"]))
	for m in _meshes:
		var mesh: ArrayMesh = m["mesh"]
		var inv: Transform3D = (m["xform"] as Transform3D).affine_inverse()
		mesh.clear_surfaces()      # rebuild whole, so surface order stays stable
		for sd in m["surfs"]:
			var base: PackedVector3Array = sd["base"]
			var ids: PackedInt32Array = sd["ids"]
			var wts: PackedFloat32Array = sd["wts"]
			var out := PackedVector3Array()
			out.resize(base.size())
			for vi in base.size():
				var dv := Vector3.ZERO
				var o := vi * NEAR
				for slot in NEAR:
					dv += _disp[ids[o + slot]] * wts[o + slot]
				out[vi] = inv * (base[vi] + dv)    # back into the node's own space
			var arr: Array = (sd["arrays"] as Array).duplicate()
			arr[Mesh.ARRAY_VERTEX] = out
			mesh.add_surface_from_arrays(Mesh.PRIMITIVE_TRIANGLES, arr)
			mesh.surface_set_material(mesh.get_surface_count() - 1, sd["mat"])