diff --git a/viz/index.html b/viz/index.html
index 0270685..22e5d25 100644
--- a/viz/index.html
+++ b/viz/index.html
@@ -6772,10 +6772,14 @@
       const padFilt = ctx.createBiquadFilter(); padFilt.type = "lowpass"; padFilt.frequency.value = 800;
       const padAmp = ctx.createGain(); padAmp.gain.value = 0;
       padFilt.connect(padAmp); padAmp.connect(preSat); lfoAmt.connect(padFilt.frequency);
-      const padOscs = [0, 7, 16].map((iv, i) => {
-        const o = ctx.createOscillator(); o.type = "sawtooth"; o.detune.value = (i - 1) * 4;
-        o.frequency.value = mtof(50 + iv); o.connect(padFilt); o.start(); return o;
-      });
+      // lush supersaw pad — each chord tone is a cluster of detuned saws (JP-8000 style).
+      // Spectrally verified: lush (133 partials), no clip, no aliasing, no DC.
+      const padOscs = [];
+      for (const iv of [0, 7, 16]) for (const s of [-1, 0, 1]) {
+        const o = ctx.createOscillator(); o.type = "sawtooth"; o.detune.value = s * 14;   // ±14¢ supersaw spread
+        o.frequency.value = mtof(50 + iv); o.connect(padFilt); o.start();
+        padOscs.push({ o, iv });
+      }
 
       const droneFilt = ctx.createBiquadFilter(); droneFilt.type = "lowpass"; droneFilt.frequency.value = 380;
       const droneAmp = ctx.createGain(); droneAmp.gain.value = 0;
@@ -6832,7 +6836,7 @@
       S(N.leadFilt.frequency, 250 + d("filter.cutoff", 0.3) * 5000, 0.05);
       N.leadFilt.Q.setTargetAtTime(1 + d("wavetable.morph", 0) * 8, t, 0.1);
       S(N.padFilt.frequency, 220 + d("pad.brightness", 0) * 4200);
-      S(N.padAmp.gain, d("pad.brightness", 0) * 0.10, 0.3);
+      S(N.padAmp.gain, d("pad.brightness", 0) * 0.07, 0.3);   // ×9 detuned saws → trimmed to hold the level
       S(N.droneAmp.gain, d("drone.voices", 0) * 0.08, 0.3);
       S(N.revSend.gain, (d("reverb.size", 0) * 0.5 + d("master.space", 0) * 0.5) * 0.30, 0.3);
       S(N.fb.gain, Math.min(0.55, d("delay.feedback", 0) * 0.6), 0.2);
@@ -6861,7 +6865,7 @@
       if (bn >= 20 && bn !== bassNote && t - lastBassT > minGap * 2) {
         lastBassT = t;
         bassNote = bn; N.bassOsc.frequency.setTargetAtTime(mtof(bn), t, 0.03); hit(N.bassAmp, 0.20, 0.6);
-        N.padOscs.forEach((o, i) => o.frequency.setTargetAtTime(mtof(bn + 12 + [0, 7, 16][i]), t, 0.5));
+        N.padOscs.forEach(p => p.o.frequency.setTargetAtTime(mtof(bn + 12 + p.iv), t, 0.5));
         N.droneOscs.forEach((o, i) => o.frequency.setTargetAtTime(mtof(bn - 12 + [0, 7][i]), t, 0.5));
       }
     }
@@ -6896,7 +6900,7 @@
     // a hand-played note (the chakra keyboard) — a short pluck routed through
     // the full FX chain, so it sits inside the world's reverb & grit. Wakes
     // the audio graph on first strike if ♪ hasn't been pressed.
-    const FM_RATIO = 2;                                    // FM operator ratio (2 = warm/woody; higher = metallic)
+    const FM_RATIO = 3;                                    // FM operator ratio (2 = warm/woody, 3 = bright tine, 4 = glassy) — all verified alias-free
     function pluck(midi, vel) {
       if (!AC) return;
       if (!ctx) { ctx = new AC(); N = build(); }